by Alistair Campbell, p. xl, Barrie Dobson, "Canterbury in the Later Middle Ages, 12201540", in. The Canterbury was built by the Normans. Modern Canterbury is a market town and regional service centre. The head of the cathedral is the Dean, currently David Monteith, who is assisted by a chapter of 30 canons, four of whom are residentiary, the others being honorary appointments of senior clergy in the diocese. The cathedral underwent numerous reconstruction and expansion phases over the following centuries, lasting until the year 1834. *Live streamed online. [93], In July 2018, the cathedral purchased at auction a medieval Trussel Bible for 100,000. [18] A free-standing campanile was built on a mound in the cathedral precinct in about 1160. The town wall was built by the Romans about 200 ce and rebuilt in the Middle Ages; parts of it still stand. Book now Daily worship - all welcome. Beneath the dormitory, overlooking the green court or herbarium, lay the "pisalis" or "calefactory", the common room of the monks. It was dedicated in 1077. To the north, a large open court divided the monastic buildings from menial ones, such as the stables, granaries, barn, bakehouse, brewhouse, and laundries, inhabited by the lay servants of the establishment. [24] Everything else was replaced in the new Gothic style, with pointed arches, rib vaulting, and flying buttresses. [4], There is a medieval London tradition that St Peter upon Cornhill church in London was the seat of English Christianity until the founding of Canterbury in 597 AD. Let us now look at the Top 10 Amazing Facts about Canterbury Cathedral. The Cathedral was severely damaged by fire . All of the bells were cast in 1981 by the Whitechapel Bell Foundry from seven bells of the old peal of twelve with new metal added and rehung in a new frame. Polyphonic music written for the monks of Christ Church Priory, now Canterbury Cathedral, survives from the 13th century. Further strengthening was found necessary around the beginning of the 16th century when buttressing arches were added under the southern and western tower arches. By May 2014, over 20 million had been raised and major renovations were conducted. MLS # PALA2034080 When, after a long-lasting dispute, King Henry II is said to have exclaimed Who will rid me of this turbulent priest?, four knights set off for Canterbury and murdered Thomas in his own cathedral. The list has 500 names of monks who died between 1286 and 1507 with the causes of their death. Top 10 Facts About Canterbury GETTY The cathedral dominates the skyline of Canterbury, Kent, which has a population of 44,000 1. Between 11.30-12.30, access is available to the Cathedral ground and Shop only. The almonry for the relief of the poor, with a great hall annexed, formed the paupers' hospitium. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. *Live streamed online. There is a large lion's head at the end of an archbishop's tomb to discover. In this article, well take a closer look at some of the most interesting facts about Canterbury Cathedral, an amazing Gothic church with an extended history. After his consecration at Arles as bishop of the English, Augustine returned to Canterbury, founded the Abbeys of SS. The Foundation also includes the choristers, lay clerks, organists, King's Scholars, the Six Preachers and a range of other officers; some of these posts are moribund, such as that of the cathedral barber. 12. [64], During the autumn of 2008, a major restoration of the lead roof over the transept was completed at a cost of approximately 500,000. The heaviest bell (tenor) of this ring weighs 34longcwt3qr4lb (3,896lb or 1,767kg). In 1174, sparks set the roof of the Canterbury Cathedral on fire. Since mid-2017, the Chief Executive has been Sarah Frankland. The cathedral has employed over 300 staff that is inclusive of 25 stonemasons and eight stained glass convertors. Your guide to events, services, family-friendly activities and new visitor experiences at Canterbury Cathedral. The first clause in the Magna Carta places emphasis on the freedom of the church. If you're curious about worship as well as sightseeing, entry to the cathedral is free during service times, making Sunday a . Caen stone sourced for cathedral repairs, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canterbury_Cathedral&oldid=1151321092, Cathedral and Metropolitical Church of Christ at Canterbury, 190ft (58m) (northwest tower, demolished 1705), Christchurch Cathedral, the Cathedral Precincts, Canon Librarian Tim Naish (since 22 April 2018), Canon Missioner Emma Pennington (since 16 March 2019), Precentor David Roper (interim, since 11 September 2022). Stained glass here depicts the history of Canterbury. Detailed archaeological studies are undertaken to identify exactly which stones need to be replaced or repaired. However, St Peter's is positioned directly above the potential location of a pagan Aedes (or shrine room) in the great Roman Basilica of London, and there is a tradition that a native British King, Lucius, converted to Christianity in 179 AD and founded St Peter's as the seat of the archbishop of the English Church.[5]. Together, these remarkable historical monuments have become some of the most popular tourist attractions in South East England make Canterbury a must-visit location if you plan to travel to Kent. A shortage of money and the priority given to the rebuilding of the cloisters and chapterhouse meant that the rebuilding of the west towers was neglected. Its cathedral has been the primary ecclesiastical centre of England since the early 7th century ce. An integrated conservation programme that addresses the priority areas has been drawn up by the cathedral's Surveyor to the Fabric, John Burton. The first part of the cathedral was built in the Romanesque style. (Max 2 children per paying adult; does not apply to group bookings or school visits). Canterbury Cathedral was home to one of medieval England's first running water systems. Eliot drew heavily on the writing of Edward Grim, a clerk who was an eyewitness to the event. Whats the Difference Between Great Britain and the United Kingdom? The statue of Christ was replaced in 1990 with a bronze sculpture of Christ by Klaus Ringwald.[47]. While green represented freshwater, strong red represented sewerage, and orange-red represented water that had passed through the central depot in the cloister. Many of the pilgrims visiting his tomb would not have been able to read and write, and stained glass windows were meant to depict the glory of God, as well as educate and entertain pilgrims. We may all come from different walks of life but we have one common passion - learning through travel. View of the cathedral / Jenny / https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2./ 2. The Church Commissioners pay the salary of the dean and two of the residentiary canons only. Christianity in Britain is referred to by Tertullian as early as 208 AD[3] and Origen mentions it in 238 AD. Photo by Jean-Baptiste Marie Pierre. The great abbey gate (c. 1300) remains standing. The archives of the Cathedral contains around 8,000 charters, including 30 that date from before the Norman Conquest! A rare copy of Shakespeares Second Folio, printed in 1632 at the cost of 1, is held by Canterbury Cathedral Library. The core part of the fundraising programme is focused on the cathedral's fabric. Modern Canterbury is a market town and regional service centre. The cathedral also has custody of the bell of HMS Canterbury, a World War I-era light cruiser, hung near the Buffs Chapel in the southwest transept. The south-west tower was not replaced until 1458, and the Norman north-west tower survived until 1834 when it was replaced by a replica of its Perpendicular companion. It is rich in church history, older theology, British history (including local history), travel, science and medicine, and the anti-slavery movement. [6] When other dioceses were founded in England Augustine was made archbishop. The eldest son of King Edward III, Edward of Woodstock The Black Prince - was one of the most celebrated commanders during the Hundred Years War. Canterbury Cathedral is one of the oldest and most famous Christian institute in England. Encomium Emmae Reginae Dunstan was buried on the south side of the high altar. The cathedral choir consists of up to 25 boy choristers and 12 lay clerks and choral scholars. Fundraising for the appeal will take place over a number of years both nationally and internationally, stressing the cathedral's role as the mother church of the worldwide Anglican Communion and as a World Heritage Site. At its northeast corner access was given from the dormitory to the necessarium, a building in the form of a Norman hall, 145 feet (44m) long by 25 feet (7.6m) broad, containing 55 seats. Now, a scientific discovery has given us a new perspective on the nation's past. Drawing illustrating the murder of Archbishop Thomas Becket. The second style is the Early Gothic style. The five-quarter chimes were taken from the old peal of twelve in the Oxford Tower (where the clock was originally), and hung from beams in the Arundel Tower. It is the cathedral of the Archbishop of Canterbury, currently Justin Welby, leader of the Church of England and symbolic leader of the worldwide Anglican Communion. The next plan was to raise funds to restore and improve the Quire organ by 2020. One of the most impressive features during this initial construction phase was the choir, an element that was completed following the destruction of the original version between 1174 and 1180. [Fn 1]. The cathedral library has a collection of about 30,000 books and pamphlets printed before the 20th century and about 20,000 later books and serials. A pivotal moment in the history of the cathedral was the murder of the archbishop, Thomas Becket, in the north-west transept (also known as the Martyrdom) on Tuesday 29 December 1170, by knights of King Henry II. [75], The "Save Canterbury Cathedral" appeal was launched in October 2006 to protect and enhance the cathedral's future as a centre of worship, heritage and culture. The Archbishop of Canterbury is the primate of the Church of England and the worldwide Anglican Communion owing to the importance of St Augustine, who served as the apostle to the pagan Kingdom of Kent around the turn of the 7th century. It was key to the evangelisation of the country, first by the Church of Rome and, later, also that of England. Canterbury Cathedral is located in England. In 2017, the cathedral was planning to have the new Welcome Centre open in 2019, with exhibition spaces and viewing gallery.[76]. The crypt was granted to the Huguenots as their church at the end of the 16th century, and weekly services are still held in French there. During the reforms of Dunstan, archbishop from 960 until his death in 988,[11] a Benedictine abbey named Christ Church Priory was added to the cathedral. [40] It was replaced with a Perpendicular-style twin of the southwest tower (designed by Thomas Mapilton), now known as the "Arundel Tower", providing a more symmetrical appearance for the cathedral. Wikimedia Commons. Reconstruction was done by William of Sens and completed by William the Englishman. This website was made possible by kind donations from, There seems to have been an error while submitting your feedback. The north transept apse was replaced by a Lady Chapel, built-in 14481455. The cathedral was founded in the 6th century, 2. Omissions? It is the cathedral of the Archbishop of Canterbury, currently Justin Welby, leader of the Church of England and symbolic leader of the worldwide Anglican Communion. The cathedral is in part built of Caen stone. There was a separate chapter-house[34] which still exists, said to be "the largest of its kind in all of England". The original Canterbury Cathedral was thought to have been burned down by its own Archbishop (well by an associate of him) so they could rebuild it in the Gothic style which was the new fancier style at the time. [34], The hall and chapel of the infirmary extended east of this cloister, resembling in form and arrangement the nave and chancel of an aisled church. Even Thomas Cawstons death is recorded in 1504. As regards the interior, priorities include decoration of the vaults of the Trinity Chapel, conservation work in several other chapels, and major improvements to the Treasury building, which contains, amongst other things, the choir practice rooms. [35] A detailed description of the plan can be found in the classic paper by Willis. The Victorian sculptor Theodore Pfyffers was commissioned to create the statues and most of them were installed by the end of the 1860s. The posthumous veneration of Becket transformed the cathedral into a place of pilgrimage, necessitating both expansion of the building and an increase in wealth, via revenues from pilgrims, in order to make expansion possible. The cathedral welcomes millions of people annually. Anglo-Saxon King thelred the Unready and Norman-born Emma of Normandy were married at Canterbury Cathedral in the Spring of 1002, and Emma was consecrated "Queen lfgifu".[12][13]. It was raised above a large and elaborately decorated crypt. The cathedral ceased to be an abbey during the Dissolution of the Monasteries when all religious houses were suppressed. ", "Children should look out for our fantastical creatures. This revenue included the profits from the sale of pilgrim badges depicting Becket, his martyrdom, or his shrine. The cathedral is therefore largely self-funded. This basilica is the resting place of Saints. Though named after the 6th-century founding archbishop, the Chair of St Augustine, the ceremonial enthronement chair of the Archbishop of Canterbury, may date from the Norman period. Often referred to as England in stone', the Cathedral has been at the centre of momentous events and upheavals. Facts about Canterbury 2: St Augustine St Augustine was very important in the religious life of Canterbury Cathedral. Canterbury Cathedral UK from the south-west. It initially had 86 works but only 43 remain. Following its reconstruction, the other three bells were rehung, together with two others, of whose casting no record remains. In 1170, four knights sliced off the top of Archbishop Thomas Beckets skull. Many of the earlier books were acquired as part of donated collections. The plan was drawn with extreme accuracy. Check Anglicanism facts here. The girls are aged 12 to 18. As the site of the murder of Thomas Becket in 1170, it became one of the top pilgrimage destinations in Europe. Later on, the stained glass was installed in the Trinity Chapel to tell the story of the Miracles of Saint Thomas Becket. It is the mother church of the worldwide Anglican Communion. [33]:6263 To the south of the infirmary cloister, close to the east end of the cathedral, is the treasury, with a distinctive octapartite vault. Its a UNESCO World Heritage site and a popular tourist attraction, More interesting facts about Canterbury Cathedral. [8][9] They indicate that the original church consisted of a nave, possibly with a narthex, and side-chapels to the north and south. Some of the houses of the Huguenot refugees still stand along the Stour. During the 16th-century Reformation, the numerous monastic houses were dissolved, the cult of Becket was suppressed, and the town languished. Facts about Canterbury Cathedral 2: Augustine of Canterbury Augustine of Canterbury They used creamy white Caen stone that was imported from France. The cathedral has been receiving visitors from Middle Ages. Colour codes were used to represent the direction of the water. Explore the Cathedral's stunning architecture, including its famous stained . Early in the 14th century, Prior Eastry erected a stone quire screen and rebuilt the chapter house, and his successor, Prior Oxenden inserted a large five-light window into St Anselm's chapel. The stonework has been damaged by centuries of weathering, the roof leaks, and just about all of the lead in the roof needs to be replaced. 3 likes, 0 comments - Michael Wald (@waldstrasse78) on Instagram: "Wow - this is the ceiling of the Bell Harry Tower at Canterbury Cathedral. Wikimedia Commons. The tower is often known as the "Angel Steeple", after a gilded angel that once stood on one of its pinnacles.[40]. Take still shots of Canterbury cathedral's exterior in Canterbury, Kent, England. The cathedral has been destroyed and rebuilt several times over its history, most recently in the 12th century. The magnificent cathedral is a designated UNESCO World Heritage Site. The Duchess of Brittany Joan was also buried in the cathedral. There are several public car parks nearby. Facts about Canterbury Cathedral 1: Archbishop of Canterbury Archbishop of Canterbury is considered as the symbolic leader of the Anglican Communion in the world. It was during this period that the wagon-vaulting of the chapter house was created. The Nave and Quire show a series of glassworks called The Ancestors. [67] The so-called Canterbury Journey project[68] was expected to cost nearly 25 million; the funding included a 13.8 million Heritage Lottery grant, 10.9 million from the Canterbury Cathedral Trust and 250,000 from the Friends of the Cathedral.[66]. The cathedral was rebuilt from the 11th to the 12th century and from the 14th to the 16th century, when the present nave and the distinctive tower (Bell Harry tower) were built. I also think the ironwork is absolutely fabulous - the dragon door handle to the crypt, and the hinges of the door on the north side of the choir.". A marble plinth, raised on columns, supported what an early visitor, Walter of Coventry, described as "a coffin wonderfully wrought of gold and silver, and marvellously adorned with precious gems". Canterbury Cathedral in Canterbury, Kent, is one of the oldest and most famous Christian structures in England. Plan your visit. They receive scholarships and attend St Edmund's School, Canterbury. Prior Wilbert was the brain behind the scheme, introducing it to the cathedral around 1165, to the extent it is reported it could flush the monks' loos. A sword stroke was so violent that it sliced the crown off his skull and shattered the blades tip on the pavement. The Cathedral Library contains about 50,000 books, and holds 40 incunables (books or fragments of books printed before 1501). Daily Eucharist 08:00Lunchtime Eucharist 12:30 (Wednesdays and Feast Days only)Daily Choral Evensong* 17:30Sunday Choral Eucharist* 11:00All are welcome and there is no charge to attend a service. Theres even an uninhibited imp, each hand holding the muzzle of a horse perhaps representing the Horses of the Apocalypse. The Canterbury Cathedral served as a place of residence for monks in the 16th century. The oldest bell in the cathedral is Bell Harry (approximately 8longcwt (900lb or 400kg)[91]), which hangs in a cage on the top of the central tower to which the bell lends its name. By English law and custom, they may only elect the person who has been nominated by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister. It is made from iron nails from the roof of the south-east transept. [Fn 2] After this a western apse was added as an oratory of Saint Mary, probably during the archbishopric of Lyfing (10131020) or Aethelnoth (10201038). In the 1382 Dover Straits earthquake the campanile fell, destroying the first three named bells. The abbey is part of the World Heritage Site of Canterbury, along with the cathedral and the ancient Church of St Martin. The major conservation-restoration projects already identified will cost 30million. Theres something for everyone see what exciting events are currently taking place. King Henry VIII summoned the dead saint to court to face charges of treason. With the Church of St Martin, the oldest church in England, and the Abbey of St Augustine nearby . Work on the chapel was completed in 1184,[25] but Becket's remains were not moved from his tomb in the crypt until 1220. At the greatest possible distance from the church, beyond the precinct of the monastery, was the eleemosynary department. The shrine was removed in 1538. It is the mother church of the Anglican Communion and the seat of the Archbishop of Canterbury. Opposite the refectory door in the cloister were two lavatories, where the monks washed before and after eating. The whole premise of Chaucer's Canterbury Tales revolves around medieval pilgrims' journeys to the cathedral, so naturally it is mentioned a fair few times within the stories. The cathedral has a workforce of over 300 (many of whom work part-time), and approximately 800 volunteers. https://www.britannica.com/place/Canterbury-England, Official Site of Canterbury City Council, England, United Kingdom, British History Online - Canterbury: Ancient history of the city, Official Tourism Site of Canterbury, England, United Kingdom, The History Files - Britain - A Short History of Canterbury, Historic UK - Canterbury, England, United Kingdom, Canterbury - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). It is the cathedral of the Archbishop of Canterbury belonging to the worldwide Anglican Communion and the Church of England. [34] One of these is the circular two story lavatory tower. Both furious workers, they laboured tirelessly to bring law and order to Henry's realm. He cleared the ruins and reconstructed the cathedral to a design based closely on that of the Abbey of Saint-tienne in Caen, where he had previously been abbot, using stone brought from France. The 3,765 sq. Canterbury Cathedral in Canterbury, Kent, is one of the oldest and most famous Christian structures in England. The Reformation brought a period of decline in the cathedral's music which was revived under Dean Thomas Neville in the early 17th century. Throughout its history, 5 archbishops were brutally murdered, the first one way back in 1012. On the cathedral grounds, Christ Church Gate gives entrance to the remains of the monastic buildings, and a Norman staircase leads to the hall of the Kings School, founded in the early Middle Ages as a monastic school and reestablished in 1541 by Henry VIII as a grammar school for boys. He subsequently became the first archbishop of Canterbury. But the formal establishment as a monastery seems to date only to c.997 and the community only became fully monastic from Lanfranc's time onwards (with monastic constitutions addressed by him to Prior Henry). [78] The cathedral wasnt completed in its current form until 1834, 4. Whether you want to learn the history of a city, or you simply need a recommendation for your next meal, Discover Walks Team offers an ever-growing travel encyclopaedia. The appeal the third of its kind following major fundraising drives at Canterbury in the 1950s and 1970s was launched to fund these projects. This was necessary in case repairs had to be done. The second-floor loft that overlooks the . Of the millions who have visited and worked there, still thousands have left a trace to be seen if you look. The cathedral has its own police service, known as the Canterbury Cathedral Close Constables. [89] The ringers practise on Thursday at 7:15pm. They bought pilgrim badges as souvenirs. [26] These new parts east of the quire transepts were raised on a higher crypt than Ernulf's quire, necessitating flights of steps between the two levels. In addition, there are plans to refurbish the cathedral pipe organ and renovations to the Choir House have already been completed, providing better facilities for choristers. Most of the statues that currently adorn the west front of the cathedral were installed in the 1860s when the South Porch was being renovated. Facts about Canterbury 1: The Archbishop of Canterbury The leader of the Anglican Communion in the world as well as the Church of England is the Archbishop of Canterbury. That cathedral has a length of 135 meters (443 feet) but is a lot wider at 100 meters (330 feet). Children go FREE when accompanied by a paying adult. Only four copies of the 1215 Magna Carta survive to this day, including one held at the British Library which has been identified as the copy originally kept at Canterbury Cathedral. This map shows our Cathedrals across England, as well as the Cathedral of the Holy Trinity in Gibraltar (Diocese in Europe) and Westminster Abbey (a Royal Peculiar). It has some light industries and attracts hundreds of thousands of tourists each year. One of the greatest religious structures in the United Kingdom can be found in a county in the southeast of England. [27] Further significant interments in the Trinity Chapel included those of Edward Plantagenet (The "Black Prince") and King Henry IV. Discover Walks contributors speak from all corners of the world - from Prague to Bangkok, Barcelona to Nairobi. The prior's group were "entered at the south-east angle of the green court, placed near the most sacred part of the cathedral, as befitting the distinguished ecclesiastics or nobility who were assigned to him." The mother church of the Anglican Communion worldwide is the Cathedral. King Henry the seventh born in 1367 and dying in 1413 was also buried here. The structure features 5 towers and was built at a monumental scale, 5. There are fourteen bells a ring of twelve with two semitones, which allow for ringing on ten, eight or six bells while still remaining in tune. THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH IN THESE ISLANDS BEFORE THE COMINGOF AUGUSTINE by Rev GF Browne,four Lectures delivered at St. Paul's in January 1894. The earliest coloured glass windows in the cathedral date from the late 12th century, whilst others are as new as the four Ervin Bossnyi windows in the south-east transept (1957). Check Anglicanism facts here. Here are some facts about Canterbury that will be sure to blow your mind. work in the old city of Canterbury live within 4 miles of Bell Harry tower, including within The Precincts are a member of the Cathedral Congregation are immediate family of a Cathedral staff member are a member of any church in the diocese (on the parish electoral roll or equivalent) [19], As with many Gothic church buildings, the interior of the quire was richly embellished. Rebuilding began in 1070 under the first Norman archbishop, Lanfranc (10701077). Pop. [9] During the 9th or 10th century this church was replaced by a larger structure (161 by 75ft, 49 by 23m) with a squared west end. The town suffered severely from bombardment in World War II, though the cathedral was little damaged (fires were lit on the grounds during air raids in order to give the appearance that the cathedral was already in flames). Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Norman Tower From Dormitory Steps Canterbury Cathedral Tuck RPPC Postcard US069 at the best online prices at eBay! This is the Nave through part of the Quire. Either way, Canterbury was therefore a relative latecomer to English Christianity. Bell Harry Tower extended and the Cathedral largely complete as seen today, New Foundation of Dean and Chapter established, Repair and refurbishing after Puritan damage, Altar of the Sword's Point (Martyrdom) restored, International Study Centre (Cathedral Lodge) opened in the Precincts. Canterbury Cathedral is located in the city of Canterbury, Kent, in southeastern England. Interesting Facts About Canterbury Cathedral. This is a 2-bed, 1.5-bath, 1,432 sqft property. There was no significant damage to the stonework or interior and the damage was quickly repaired. Canterbury surrendered in March 1539, and reverted to its previous status of 'a college of secular canons'. He came with his assistant Gundulf and Architect. A man offering silver wire at the tomb of St Thomas. The east end was greatly enlarged at the beginning of the 12th century, and largely rebuilt in the Gothic style. Since 1558, the cathedral has been a Grade I listed structure. [16], Under Lanfranc's successor Anselm, who was twice exiled from England, the responsibility for the rebuilding or improvement of the cathedral's fabric was largely left in the hands of the priors. Roger Bowers, 'The Liturgy of the Cathedral and its music, c. 10751642', In: Will no one rid me of this turbulent priest? The original church at Canterbury was founded in 602 by Saint Augustine. People visit the cathedral to experience the amazing architecture and history. In September 1174 the quire was severely damaged by fire, necessitating a major reconstruction,[21] the progress of which was recorded in detail by a monk named Gervase. And it was completely rebuilt between 1070 and 1077. [33]:158181[36] It shows that Canterbury employed the same general principles of arrangement common to all Benedictine monasteries, although, unusually, the cloister and monastic buildings were to the north, rather than the south of the church. After the murder (1170) of Archbishop Thomas Becket in the cathedral and Henry IIs penance there in 1174, Beckets shrine attracted many pilgrims. It is the cathedral of the Archbishop of Canterbury belonging to the worldwide Anglican Communion and the Church of England. Whether this is true has not yet been established. The fundraising group is the Canterbury Cathedral Trust, an independent, registered charity (1112590) seeking funds to provide conservation, craftsmanship, music and education. Parking in the Cathedral grounds is only available for Blue Badge holders, subject to limited availability and prior arrangement. Happy travels! [25] A further chapel, circular in plan, was added beyond that, which housed further relics of Becket,[25] widely believed to have included the top of his skull, struck off in the course of his assassination. It has some light industries and attracts hundreds of thousands of tourists each year. A document created by Thomas Cawston in 1486 has a list of members of the monastic community from 1207 to 1534.